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Happy BIrthday Week: Elvis Presley and Sam Phillips (Sun Records)

Posted: Jan 08, 2010

Today, January 8, Elvis Presley would have celebrated his seventy-fifth birthday. On Tuesday, January 5, Sam Phillips, the man who recorded Presley's first record at Sun Studies, would have been 87. Most baby boomers have at least two vivid (happy) memories of their childhood/teenaged years: hearing Elvis Presley and seeing the Beatles live on the Ed Sullivan Show. As the old saying goes, you had to be there. Presley made his appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show in 1956, before the majority of the people in the south had a television set. However, by 1964 when the Beatles made their American debut on the Ed Sullivan show, an antenna protruded from nearly every rooftop and Elvis Presley was a household name.

But I was also talking about a man who had an ear for the blues and an instinct for ferreting out undiscovered talent. Born just outside Florence, Alabama, on January 5, 1923, Sam Phillips is best known for founding Sun Records and producing some of the earliest recordings by Elvis Presley. Phillips is most notably attributed with the discoveries of Elvis Presley and Johnny Cash, and is associated with several other noteworthy rhythm and blues and rock and roll stars of the period. Growing up in North Alabama, Phillips was exposed to blues and became interested in music by African-American workers on his father's cotton farm.

In the 1940s, Phillips worked as a DJ for Muscle Shoals, Alabama radio station WLAY (AM). This radio station's "open format" (of broadcasting music from both white and black musicians) would later inspire his work in Memphis. On January 3, 1950, Phillips opened the "Memphis Recording Service" at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis, Tennessee, which also served as the studios for Phillips' own label, Sun Records, through the 1950s. The famous Presley Sun Recordings are a group of records he made at Sun Studio in Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A. between 1953 and 1955.

Elvis Presley was born on January 8, 1935 in Tupelo, MS, and in 1948 his family moved to Memphis. This move precipitated the meeting with Sam Phillips and Sun Records. Presley had recorded several singles with Sun in an effort to be discovered before the big break came.

According to the music historian Peter Guralnick , the author of Last Train to Memphis and two other biographies of Presley, Phillips called the young musician back to do a recording session and audition for guitarist Winfield "Scotty" Moore and upright bass player Bill Black, but the effort seemed fruitless. Then, late in the evening, as they were about give up and go home, Presley launched into a 1946 blues number,Arthur Crudup's "That's All Right". Moore recalled, "All of a sudden, Elvis just started singing this song, jumping around and acting the fool, and then Bill picked up his bass, and he started acting the fool, too, and I started playing with them. Sam, I think, had the door to the control booth open [...] he stuck his head out and said, 'What are you doing?' And we said, 'We don't know.' 'Well, back up,' he said, 'try to find a place to start, and do it again.'" Phillips quickly began taping; this was the sound he had been looking for. And the rest is history.

Elvis Presley died on August 16, 1977, at the young age of 42. Sam Phillips died at the age of 80 in July of 2003. The world is a richer place for their having passed through it.

----Penne J. Laubenthal

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